IAN JOHNSTON ENVIRONMENT CORRESPONDENT ([email protected])
IT HAS been described as the "greatest untapped source of energy Scotland has ever had", capable of generating enough electricity for every home and business in the country several times over.
But while the Pentland Firth has been too deep and too dangerous to exploit, the race is now on to develop machines that will harness this "underwater hurricane" and fundamentally change Scotland.
Not only could it provide endless supplies of electricity for Scotland and beyond, but spare energy could be used to convert rubbish into environmentally friendly biofuel for cars, trains and airplanes, slashing greenhouse gas emissions and ridding the country of landfill sites.
In August, the world's largest tidal-current generator will be installed on Northern Ireland's Strangford Lough and, next year, ScottishPower will start testing an underwater turbine in the Pentland Firth itself.
ScottishPower believes its system could generate up to a gigawatt (GW) of electricity - equivalent to all of Scotland's wind farms put together, or the power produced by the Hunterston B nuclear power station.
But Professor Stephen Salter, who wrote an energy review for the SNP extolling the potential of the Pentland Firth, believes the actual amount of energy could be as high as ten to 20GW. He was turned down by the previous Scottish Executive for funding to investigate the potential of installing a tidal machine at depths previously considered out of reach, but believes the SNP government could be more receptive.
He said: "If we could do this, we could get twice the electricity Scotland uses at peak demand - it's absolutely enormous. The Pentland Firth is the Saudi Arabia of marine energy. But, if you are in London, energy from the Pentland Firth is a long way away and there's no cable to get it to your voters."
Prof Salter, of Edinburgh University, has developed a form of cylindrical turbine which he believes would be able to go deeper than ever before, where the Pentland Firth's most powerful currents are found.
The water in the fastest- moving channels is about 70 metres deep. His machines operate down to 50m, while seabed-based turbines could be used in the bottom 20m.
The Firth would generate energy in four regular tidal pulses a day, often generating large amounts of power in the middle of the night. Fuel cells or large industrial batteries could be used to store spare electricity, but Prof Salter said it could be used for a process which can turn waste into gas or liquid fuel.
Martin Wright, managing director of Marine Current Technologies, said the Pentland Firth was the "Mount Everest" for the industry. He added: "There's no doubt it is a stupendously energetic area and the technology will have to be appropriate.
"The big prize is the very fast-moving water in 60m to 70m of water. You are putting units in the equivalent of an underwater hurricane there.
"It's all a question of will. I think we could have done this in half the time if the only challenges were technical."
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'Saudi Arabia of renewable energy' off Scotland's coast
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